# CBPA — Cross-Border Payments and AML Ontology (FLAWED demo version)
# Workshop: AI-Assisted Ontology Engineering — KGUG Seoul, 2 July 2026
# Author: Dougal Watt, Graph Research Labs
#
# This is the FLAWED version used during the workshop demonstration.
# Aligned to gist 14.1.0.
#
# Anti-patterns baked in:
#   1. Deep hierarchy explosion — payment channels modelled as
#      subclasses of Payment instead of as gist:Category instances,
#      then individual payments modelled as subclasses of those
#      subclasses. Triggers GIST-003 (instance-as-subclass) and
#      GIST-008 (type-as-subclass intermediate layer).
#   2. Event vs Task confusion — Payment and PaymentInstruction
#      collapsed into a single Payment class with both planning-time
#      and occurrence-time properties attached to the same class.
#      Triggers GIST-002.
#   3. Parallel property invention — invents :containsComponent (here
#      :containsAccount) instead of using the gist:isDirectPartOf
#      partonomy pattern. Triggers GIST-001.
#   4. Orphan domain classes — Branch and Customer sit at the root of
#      the asserted hierarchy with no upper-ontology parent. With an
#      upper ontology in scope, every domain class should ultimately
#      subclass something in the upper ontology. New base classes
#      fragment the taxonomy and defeat cross-ontology alignment.
#      Triggers GIST-005.
#
# Minor flaws:
#   - ComplianceState lacks any magnitude or category constraint.
#   - RiskAssessment is misapplied as a gist:Category subclass rather
#     than a gist:Specification. Triggers GIST-004.
#   - rdfs:domain and rdfs:range are used on properties — the LLM
#     defaulted to the global-constraint pattern when team convention
#     is property restrictions on the bearing class.
#   - Required purposes are stored as raw strings rather than as
#     references to PurposeType instances.
#   - Classes missing skos:prefLabel / skos:definition. Triggers
#     STRUCT-002.
#
# Licence: CC-BY-SA-4.0.

@prefix cbpa: <https://example.org/cbpa/> .
@prefix gist: <https://w3id.org/semanticarts/ns/ontology/gist/> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix dct:  <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .

#####################################################################
# Ontology header
#####################################################################

<https://example.org/cbpa> a owl:Ontology ;
  owl:versionIRI <https://example.org/cbpa/0.2.0-flawed> ;
  dct:title "Cross-Border Payments and AML Ontology (CBPA) — flawed demo version" ;
  dct:description "FLAWED. Contains four deliberate gist anti-patterns plus minor flaws including misuse of rdfs:domain/range and missing SKOS annotations. Used in the KGUG Seoul 2026 workshop." ;
  dct:creator "Dougal Watt" ;
  dct:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/> ;
  owl:imports <https://w3id.org/semanticarts/ontology/gistCore> .

#####################################################################
# ANTI-PATTERN 1 — Deep hierarchy explosion.
# Payment channels modelled as subclasses of Payment (GIST-008
# territory: <channel>_Payment), and individual payments modelled as
# subclasses of those (GIST-003 territory: <channel>_Payment_<txnId>).
#####################################################################

cbpa:Payment a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Event ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Task ;
  rdfs:label "Payment (collapsed plan and occurrence)" .

cbpa:MT103_Payment a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:label "SWIFT MT103 Customer Credit Transfer Payment" .

cbpa:MT202_Payment a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:label "SWIFT MT202 Financial Institution Transfer Payment" .

cbpa:PACS008_Payment a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:label "ISO 20022 PACS.008 Customer Credit Transfer Payment" .

cbpa:MT103_Payment_TXN001 a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:MT103_Payment ;
  rdfs:label "MT103 payment reference TXN-001" .

cbpa:MT103_Payment_TXN002 a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:MT103_Payment ;
  rdfs:label "MT103 payment reference TXN-002" .

cbpa:MT202_Payment_TXN003 a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:MT202_Payment ;
  rdfs:label "MT202 payment reference TXN-003" .

cbpa:PACS008_Payment_TXN004 a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:PACS008_Payment ;
  rdfs:label "PACS.008 payment reference TXN-004" .

#####################################################################
# ANTI-PATTERN 2 — Event vs Task confusion.
# Payment carries BOTH planning-time AND occurrence-time properties.
# Note: gist:Event AND gist:Task on a single class triggers GIST-002.
#####################################################################

cbpa:instructedAmount a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
  rdfs:label "instructed amount (planning-time, on Payment, as raw decimal)" .

cbpa:plannedSettlementTime a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
  rdfs:label "planned settlement time (planning-time, on Payment)" .

cbpa:plannedChannelLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:label "planned channel label (planning-time, free-text)" .

cbpa:authoriser a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:label "authoriser (planning-time, on Payment, as string)" .

cbpa:instructionStatusLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:label "instruction status label (planning-time, free-text)" .

cbpa:declaredPurposeLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:label "declared purpose (planning-time, free-text instead of category reference)" .

cbpa:actualSettlementTime a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
  rdfs:label "actual settlement time (occurrence-time, on Payment)" .

cbpa:actualPayerAccount a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:Account ;
  rdfs:label "actual payer account (occurrence-time, on Payment)" .

cbpa:actualPayeeAccount a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:Account ;
  rdfs:label "actual payee account (occurrence-time, on Payment)" .

cbpa:paymentReference a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:label "payment reference (occurrence-time, on Payment)" .

cbpa:settlementStatusLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:label "settlement status label (free-text, on Payment)" .

cbpa:SettlementLeg a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:label "Settlement Leg" .

cbpa:TestPayment a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cbpa:Payment ;
  rdfs:label "Test Payment" .

#####################################################################
# ANTI-PATTERN 3 — Parallel property invention.
# Invents :containsAccount instead of using gist:isDirectPartOf
# (or its conventional inverse hasDirectPart). Also invents :hasType
# instead of gist:isCategorizedBy. Both trigger GIST-001.
#####################################################################

cbpa:Account a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Agreement ;
  rdfs:label "Account" .

cbpa:containsAccount a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Bank ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:Account ;
  rdfs:label "contains account (parallel to gist:isDirectPartOf — anti-pattern)" .

cbpa:hasType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Account ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:AccountKind ;
  rdfs:label "has type (parallel to gist:isCategorizedBy — anti-pattern)" .

#####################################################################
# Bank, Branch, Customer — Bank is correctly aligned to
# gist:Organization, but the LLM has left Branch and Customer floating
# at the root of the class tree with no upper-ontology alignment at
# all. This is GIST-005 — orphan domain class.
#
# One of the most consequential anti-patterns when working with an
# upper ontology: every domain class should ultimately subclass
# something in the upper ontology. Classes that sit at the root of
# the asserted hierarchy without an upper-ontology parent create
# "new base classes" that fragment the taxonomy, defeat
# cross-ontology alignment, and make downstream reasoning incomplete.
# The methodology fix-and-resync demo addresses this in the second
# cycle: Branch re-parented to gist:GeoRegion, Customer to
# gist:Organization.
#####################################################################

cbpa:Bank a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Organization ;
  rdfs:label "Bank" .

cbpa:Branch a owl:Class ;                       # WRONG — left at root with no upper-ontology parent.
  rdfs:label "Branch (orphan: no upper-ontology alignment)" .

cbpa:Customer a owl:Class ;                     # WRONG — left at root with no upper-ontology parent.
  rdfs:label "Customer (orphan: no upper-ontology alignment)" .

cbpa:AccountKind a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Category ;
  rdfs:label "Account Kind" .

cbpa:heldAt a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Account ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:Bank ;
  rdfs:label "held at" .

cbpa:locatedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Bank ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:Branch ;
  rdfs:label "located in" .

#####################################################################
# MINOR FLAW — RiskAssessment misapplied as a Category subclass.
# Triggers GIST-004 (Specification mis-typed as Category).
#####################################################################

cbpa:AMLAlertStatus a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Category ;       # WRONG — should be Specification.
  rdfs:label "AML Alert Status (mis-typed as Category)" .

cbpa:hasAMLAlertStatus a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Customer ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:AMLAlertStatus ;
  rdfs:label "has AML alert status" .

cbpa:CustomerOnboardingStatus a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Category ;       # WRONG — should be Specification.
  rdfs:label "Customer Onboarding Status (mis-typed as Category)" .

cbpa:hasCustomerOnboardingStatus a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Customer ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:CustomerOnboardingStatus ;
  rdfs:label "has customer onboarding status" .

#####################################################################
# MINOR FLAW — ComplianceState lacks any category linkage.
#####################################################################

cbpa:ComplianceState a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Specification ;
  rdfs:label "Compliance State" .

cbpa:complianceLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:ComplianceState ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:label "compliance label (free text — no Category linkage)" .

cbpa:hasComplianceState a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:Account ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:ComplianceState ;
  rdfs:label "has compliance state" .

#####################################################################
# KYC review — not flawed, included for completeness.
#####################################################################

cbpa:KYCReviewEvent a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf gist:Event ;
  rdfs:label "KYC Review Event" .

cbpa:reviewsCustomer a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain cbpa:KYCReviewEvent ;
  rdfs:range cbpa:Customer ;
  rdfs:label "reviews customer" .